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1.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 66(7): 237-240, 1 abr., 2018. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-173309

RESUMO

Introducción. La adrenoleucodistrofia ligada al X (ALD-X) es la enfermedad peroxisómica más frecuente. Se debe a una mutación en el gen ABCD1. La pérdida de la función de ABCD1 provoca una betaoxidación inefectiva de los ácidos grasos de cadena muy larga, lo que provoca la acumulación de estos ácidos grasos. La alteración típica en la neuroimagen en la forma cerebral es la desmielinización periventricular simétrica y de localización posterior. Caso clínico. Niño de 10 años, con hemiparesia espástica derecha y deterioro cognitivo subagudo. La resonancia magnética cerebral mostró afectación asimétrica de la sustancia blanca en la región frontoparietotemporal izquierda, y en la tomografía axial computarizada se visualizaban calcificaciones. Se confirmó ALD-X mediante la elevación de los niveles de ácidos grasos de cadena muy larga, y se encontró una variante patogénica en el gen ABCD1. Conclusiones. La desmielinización asimétrica con calcificaciones raramente se ha descrito en la ALD-X, y estos hallazgos podrían retrasar el diagnóstico. Esta presentación excepcional se debería considerar siempre en niños con inicio subagudo de síntomas motores y regresión cognitiva o del comportamiento


Introduction. X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is the most frequent peroxisomal disease. It is due to a mutation in the ABCD1 gene. The loss of functioning of ABCD1 triggers ineffective beta oxidation of very long-chain fatty acids, which gives rise to an accumulation of these fatty acids. The typical alteration revealed in neuroimaging scans in the cerebral form is symmetrical periventricular demyelination with posterior location. Case report. We report the case of a 10-year-old boy with right spastic hemiparesis and subacute cognitive impairment. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed symmetrical involvement of the white matter in the left frontoparietotemporal region, and calcifications were observed in the computerised axial tomography scan. X-ALD was confirmed by means of the elevated levels of very long-chain fatty acids, and a pathogenic variant was found in the ABCD1 gene. Conclusions. Symmetrical demyelination with calcifications has rarely been reported in X-ALD, and these findings could delay diagnosis. This exceptional presentation should always be taken into consideration in children with subacute onset of motor symptoms and cognitive or behavioural regression


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Adrenoleucodistrofia/diagnóstico por imagem , Adrenoleucodistrofia/tratamento farmacológico , Paresia/diagnóstico por imagem , Disfunção Cognitiva/diagnóstico por imagem , Disartria/diagnóstico , Cérebro/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Córtex Suprarrenal/diagnóstico por imagem
2.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 59(4): 158-163, 16 ago., 2014. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-126337

RESUMO

Introducción. El mosaicismo diploide/triploide es una alteración cromosómica poco frecuente. La produce un fallo en la división poscigótica durante el desarrollo embrionario. Da lugar a la coexistencia de dos líneas celulares con diferente constitución cromosómica (46,XX y 69,XXX) en un mismo individuo. Su fenotipo clínico es característico. Las alteraciones pigmentarias con un patrón de distribución que sigue las líneas de Blaschko son el principal signo guía, así como las alteraciones de otros tejidos derivados del ectodermo. Casos clínicos. Describimos las características clínicas de tres pacientes afectos de mosaicismo diploide/triploide y realizamos una comparación de su fenotipo clínico con el de los casos publicados previamente en la bibliografía. Las alteraciones observadas con mayor frecuencia fueron alteraciones cutáneas, discapacidad intelectual, obesidad troncular, talla baja, hemihipertrofia, y manos pequeñas y estrechas con clino y camptodactilia. Las características fenotípicas de nuestros pacientes fueron similares a las de los casos comunicados previamente. Aunque no existe un fenotipo único y específico asociado al mosaicismo diploide/triploide, existen malformaciones características que conforman un síndrome malformativo bien definido. El cariotipo realizado en linfocitos de sangre periférica en las tres pacientes fue normal, y se logró el diagnóstico mediante cariotipo en fibroblastos cultivados tras biopsia de piel hipopigmentada. Conclusiones. La presencia de discapacidad intelectual asociada a obesidad troncular, talla baja, hemihipertrofia o clino y camptodactilia, además de las alteraciones cutáneas, debe hacer pensar en la posible existencia de un mosaicismo diploide/ triploide. En la mayoría de los casos, es necesario el estudio del cariotipo en los fibroblastos para llegar al diagnóstico (AU)


Introduction. Diploid/triploid mosaicism is a rare chromosomal abnormality. It is caused by a failure in the postzygotic division during embryonic development. It results in the coexistence of two genetically heterogeneous cell lines (46,XX and 69,XXX) in one individual. His clinical phenotype is characteristic. Pigmentary changes with a distribution pattern following Blaschko’s lines abnormalities in other ectoderm-derived tissues are the main diagnostic signs. Case reports. Three cases of diploid/triploid mosaicism are described, and compared to the previously reported cases. The most frequently observed symptoms were mental retardation, truncal obesity, short stature, hemihypertrophy, small and narrow hands with clino and camptodactyly. Phenotypic characteristics of our three patients were similar to those of previously reported cases. Although there is no single and specific phenotype associated with mosaicism diploid/triploid, there are some dysmorphic features that shape a recognizable malformative syndrome. Peripheral blood lymphocytes karyotype was normal in our patients. Diagnosis was reached performing a fibroblast karyotype from hypopigmented skin. Conclusions. Intellectual disability associated with truncal obesity, short stature, hemihypertrophy or clino/camptodactyly should suggest to clinicians the possible existence of a diploid/triploid mosaicism. In most cases, karyotype from fibroblasts is needed to reach the diagnosis (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Mosaicismo , Cariótipo , Fibroblastos , Hipopigmentação , Cariótipo Anormal , Transtornos Cromossômicos
3.
Rev Neurol ; 59(4): 158-63, 2014 Aug 16.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25059266

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Diploid/triploid mosaicism is a rare chromosomal abnormality. It is caused by a failure in the postzygotic division during embryonic development. It results in the coexistence of two genetically heterogeneous cell lines (46,XX and 69,XXX) in one individual. His clinical phenotype is characteristic. Pigmentary changes with a distribution pattern following Blaschko's lines abnormalities in other ectoderm-derived tissues are the main diagnostic signs. CASE REPORTS: Three cases of diploid/triploid mosaicism are described, and compared to the previously reported cases. The most frequently observed symptoms were mental retardation, truncal obesity, short stature, hemihypertrophy, small and narrow hands with clino and camptodactyly. Phenotypic characteristics of our three patients were similar to those of previously reported cases. Although there is no single and specific phenotype associated with mosaicism diploid/triploid, there are some dysmorphic features that shape a recognizable malformative syndrome. Peripheral blood lymphocytes karyotype was normal in our patients. Diagnosis was reached performing a fibroblast karyotype from hypopigmented skin. CONCLUSIONS: Intellectual disability associated with truncal obesity, short stature, hemihypertrophy or clino/camptodactyly should suggest to clinicians the possible existence of a diploid/triploid mosaicism. In most cases, karyotype from fibroblasts is needed to reach the diagnosis.


TITLE: Mosaicismo diploide/triploide: un fenotipo variable, pero caracteristico.Introduccion. El mosaicismo diploide/triploide es una alteracion cromosomica poco frecuente. La produce un fallo en la division poscigotica durante el desarrollo embrionario. Da lugar a la coexistencia de dos lineas celulares con diferente constitucion cromosomica (46,XX y 69,XXX) en un mismo individuo. Su fenotipo clinico es caracteristico. Las alteraciones pigmentarias con un patron de distribucion que sigue las lineas de Blaschko son el principal signo guia, asi como las alteraciones de otros tejidos derivados del ectodermo. Casos clinicos. Describimos las caracteristicas clinicas de tres pacientes afectos de mosaicismo diploide/triploide y realizamos una comparacion de su fenotipo clinico con el de los casos publicados previamente en la bibliografia. Las alteraciones observadas con mayor frecuencia fueron alteraciones cutaneas, discapacidad intelectual, obesidad troncular, talla baja, hemihipertrofia, y manos pequeñas y estrechas con clino y camptodactilia. Las caracteristicas fenotipicas de nuestros pacientes fueron similares a las de los casos comunicados previamente. Aunque no existe un fenotipo unico y especifico asociado al mosaicismo diploide/triploide, existen malformaciones caracteristicas que conforman un sindrome malformativo bien definido. El cariotipo realizado en linfocitos de sangre periferica en las tres pacientes fue normal, y se logro el diagnostico mediante cariotipo en fibroblastos cultivados tras biopsia de piel hipopigmentada. Conclusiones. La presencia de discapacidad intelectual asociada a obesidad troncular, talla baja, hemihipertrofia o clino y camptodactilia, ademas de las alteraciones cutaneas, debe hacer pensar en la posible existencia de un mosaicismo diploide/triploide. En la mayoria de los casos, es necesario el estudio del cariotipo en los fibroblastos para llegar al diagnostico.


Assuntos
Anormalidades Múltiplas/genética , Cariótipo Anormal , Aborto Habitual/genética , Epilepsia Tipo Ausência/genética , Face/anormalidades , Feminino , Retardo do Crescimento Fetal/etiologia , Fibroblastos/ultraestrutura , Cardiopatias Congênitas/genética , Humanos , Hipopigmentação/genética , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Pequeno para a Idade Gestacional , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Linfócitos/ultraestrutura , Mosaicismo , Obesidade Abdominal/genética , Fenótipo , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sindactilia/genética , Triploidia
6.
Rev Neurol ; 54(12): 712-8, 2012 Jun 16.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22673947

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION. High-dose methotrexate (MTX) has showed to increase the surveillance in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and other neoplasms. However, MTX may induce significant neurotoxicity. AIM. To evaluate, in our population of patients who have been treated with MTX, the incidence of neurotoxicity and to describe its main clinical and radiological characteristics. PATIENTS AND METHODS. We retrospectively review the patients who received treatment with systemic high-dose MTX and/or intrathecal MTX between 1994 and 2010. The children who presented clinical o radiological signs of neurotoxicity were reviewed. RESULTS. We identified 284 patients who received high-dose intravenous and/or intrathecal MTX. 9 patients presented neurotoxicity. The median age at diagnosis was 6 years; 6 patients were male. The diagnosis included: 6 acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 2 medulloblastoma and 1 lymphoma. 66% patients presented focal neurological dysfunction, 3 had non-specific symptoms. In 5 patients the symptomatology started the first 14 days after the MTX administration. 8 patients had complete clinical resolution, but only one presented neurological long term effects. All the patients except one showed signs of acute leukoencephalopathy in the brain MR study. These alterations resolved one year later in 3 patients; in the other patients the MR alterations persisted. The neurotoxicity management was corticosteroid, folinic acid, aminophylline and dextromethorphan. CONCLUSION. The MTX neurotoxicity it can present as acute or chronic. It has a wide clinical spectrum, ranging from sub-clinical manifestations with complete recovery to a chronic and progressive encephalopathy.


Assuntos
Antimetabólitos Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Metotrexato/efeitos adversos , Síndromes Neurotóxicas/diagnóstico , Síndromes Neurotóxicas/etiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Neuroimagem , Estudos Retrospectivos
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